fix(security): harden gallery endpoint URL checks

Replace substring OpenAI endpoint detection with exact parsed-host matching.

Route gallery image endpoint construction through a constant path allowlist.

Remove client-visible exception and upstream response body leaks from gallery image flows while preserving diagnostics in server logs.

Add focused regression tests for OpenAI host matching, checked endpoint joining, harmonize SSRF hardening, and sanitized client errors.

routes/gallery/gallery_routes.py

@@ -77,6 +77,39 @@ def _normalize_image_endpoint_base(url: str) -> str:
     return base
 
 
+def _is_openai_api_base(url: str) -> bool:
+    """Return True only when url's hostname is exactly api.openai.com."""
+    from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+    try:
+        candidate = url if "://" in url else f"https://{url}"
+        return urlsplit(candidate).hostname == "api.openai.com"
+    except Exception:
+        return False
+
+
+_GALLERY_ENDPOINT_PATHS = frozenset({
+    "/images/edits",
+    "/images/generations",
+    "/images/harmonize",
+    "/images/img2img",
+    "/images/inpaint",
+    "/images/upscale",
+    "/images/variations",
+    "/sdapi/v1/img2img",
+})
+
+
+def _join_checked_gallery_endpoint(base: str, path: str) -> str:
+    """Append a known-constant gallery path suffix to a validated base URL.
+
+    Rejects paths not in the pre-approved list so arbitrary strings can never
+    be spliced into the URL passed to httpx.
+    """
+    if path not in _GALLERY_ENDPOINT_PATHS:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unexpected gallery path: {path!r}")
+    return base + path
+
+
 def _visible_image_endpoint_query(db, owner: str | None):
     from src.auth_helpers import owner_filter
     q = db.query(ModelEndpoint).filter(
@@ -255,9 +288,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                 pass
             try:
                 db.commit()
-            except Exception as e:
+            except Exception:
                 db.rollback()
-                raise HTTPException(500, f"DB commit failed: {e}")
+                logger.exception("gallery_replace: DB commit failed")
+                raise HTTPException(500, "Image update failed")
             return {"ok": True, "width": img.width, "height": img.height}
         finally:
             db.close()
@@ -385,8 +419,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                     return {"image": data.get("data", [{}])[0].get("b64_json", "")}
                 # Fallback: no upscale endpoint — return error
                 return {"error": f"Upscale endpoint not available ({resp.status_code})"}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            return {"error": str(e)}
+            logger.exception("ai_upscale: request failed")
+            return {"error": "Upscale request failed"}
 
     # ---- POST /api/gallery/style-transfer ----
     @router.post("/api/gallery/style-transfer")
@@ -431,8 +466,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                     if img_data:
                         return {"image": img_data}
                 return {"error": f"Style transfer failed ({resp.status_code})"}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            return {"error": str(e)}
+            logger.exception("style_transfer: request failed")
+            return {"error": "Style transfer failed"}
 
     # ---- GET /api/gallery/tags ----
     @router.get("/api/gallery/tags")
@@ -588,9 +624,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                 "tags": sorted(all_tags),
                 "models": all_models,
             }
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.error(f"Failed to fetch gallery library: {e}")
+            logger.exception("Failed to fetch gallery library")
-            raise HTTPException(500, f"Failed to fetch gallery library: {e}")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Failed to fetch gallery library")
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -766,9 +802,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             return _image_to_dict(img)
         except HTTPException:
             raise
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             db.rollback()
-            raise HTTPException(500, str(e))
+            logger.exception("patch_gallery_image: update failed")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Image update failed")
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -845,9 +882,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                     cleared += 1
             db.commit()
             return {"ok": True, "cleared": cleared}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             db.rollback()
-            raise HTTPException(500, str(e))
+            logger.exception("clear_gallery_user_tags: failed")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Tag update failed")
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -871,9 +909,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                     cleared += 1
             db.commit()
             return {"ok": True, "cleared": cleared}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             db.rollback()
-            raise HTTPException(500, str(e))
+            logger.exception("clear_gallery_ai_tags: failed")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Tag update failed")
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -909,9 +948,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                     img.tags = ', '.join(cleaned)
             db.commit()
             return {"ok": True, "rows_touched": rows_touched, "tags_removed": tags_removed}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             db.rollback()
-            raise HTTPException(500, str(e))
+            logger.exception("dedupe_gallery_tags: failed")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Tag deduplication failed")
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -1029,9 +1069,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             return {"status": "deleted", "id": image_id}
         except HTTPException:
             raise
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
             db.rollback()
-            raise HTTPException(500, str(e))
+            logger.exception("delete_gallery_image: failed")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Image deletion failed")
         finally:
             db.close()
 
@@ -1044,21 +1085,22 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
         import httpx
         user = require_privilege(request, "can_generate_images")
         body = await request.json()
-        # Use endpoint from request body (editor dropdown) or fall back to DB lookup
+        # Use endpoint from request body (editor dropdown) or fall back to DB lookup.
-        base = (body.pop("_endpoint", "") or "").rstrip("/")
+        # Store as requested_base to avoid carrying user input into the outbound request.
+        requested_base = (body.pop("_endpoint", "") or "").rstrip("/")
         # SSRF hardening: validate a client-supplied endpoint before any
         # outbound request (mirrors routes/embedding_routes.py).
-        if base:
+        if requested_base:
             from src.url_safety import check_outbound_url
             ok, reason = check_outbound_url(
-                base,
+                requested_base,
                 block_private=os.getenv("IMAGE_BLOCK_PRIVATE_IPS", "false").lower() == "true",
             )
             if not ok:
                 raise HTTPException(400, f"Rejected endpoint URL: {reason}")
         chosen_model = (body.pop("_model", "") or "").strip()
         api_key = None
-        if not base:
+        if not requested_base:
             db = SessionLocal()
             try:
                 ep = _first_visible_image_endpoint(db, user)
@@ -1069,32 +1111,23 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             finally:
                 db.close()
         else:
-            # Pull api_key from the matching DB row so OpenAI auth works.
+            # Resolve the client-supplied base to a registered visible endpoint.
-            # Users may have stored base_url with/without /v1 suffix and with/without
+            # Admins are not exempted — gallery proxy routes must use a DB row
-            # trailing slash, so compare normalized forms.
+            # so the outbound URL never depends directly on request-body input.
-            def _norm_url(u: str) -> str:
-                if not u:
-                    return u
-                u = u.rstrip("/")
-                if u.endswith("/v1"):
-                    u = u[:-3]
-                return u
-            _target = _norm_url(base)
             db = SessionLocal()
             try:
-                ep = _visible_image_endpoint_for_base(db, _target, user)
+                ep = _visible_image_endpoint_for_base(db, requested_base, user)
-                if ep:
+                if not ep:
-                    base = (ep.base_url or base).rstrip("/")
-                    api_key = ep.api_key
-                elif user and not _current_user_is_admin(request, user):
                     raise HTTPException(403, "Choose a registered image endpoint")
+                base = ep.base_url.rstrip("/")
+                api_key = ep.api_key
             finally:
                 db.close()
 
         if not base.endswith("/v1"):
             base += "/v1"
 
-        is_openai = "api.openai.com" in base
+        is_openai = _is_openai_api_base(base)
 
         if is_openai:
             # OpenAI path: /v1/images/edits with gpt-image-1.
@@ -1131,8 +1164,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                 mask_buf.seek(0)
             except HTTPException:
                 raise
-            except Exception as e:
+            except Exception:
-                raise HTTPException(400, f"Failed to prepare OpenAI request: {e}")
+                logger.exception("inpaint_proxy: failed to prepare OpenAI request")
+                raise HTTPException(400, "Failed to prepare inpaint request")
 
             width = int(body.get("width") or 1024)
             height = int(body.get("height") or 1024)
@@ -1163,9 +1197,10 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"}
             try:
                 async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=120) as client:
-                    r = await client.post(f"{base}/images/edits", headers=headers, data=data, files=files)
+                    r = await client.post(_join_checked_gallery_endpoint(base, "/images/edits"), headers=headers, data=data, files=files)
                     if r.status_code != 200:
-                        raise HTTPException(r.status_code, f"OpenAI edit failed: {r.text[:300]}")
+                        logger.error("inpaint_proxy OpenAI edit: status %s", r.status_code)
+                        raise HTTPException(r.status_code, "OpenAI edit failed")
                     result = r.json()
                     raw_b64 = None
                     if result.get("data"):
@@ -1212,16 +1247,18 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             if chosen_model:
                 body["model"] = chosen_model
             async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=120) as client:
-                r = await client.post(f"{base}/images/inpaint", json=body)
+                r = await client.post(_join_checked_gallery_endpoint(base, "/images/inpaint"), json=body)
                 if r.status_code != 200:
-                    raise HTTPException(r.status_code, f"Inpaint failed: {r.text[:200]}")
+                    logger.error("inpaint_proxy diffusion: status %s", r.status_code)
+                    raise HTTPException(r.status_code, "Inpaint request failed")
                 return r.json()
         except httpx.TimeoutException:
             raise HTTPException(504, "Inpaint request timed out (120s)")
         except HTTPException:
             raise
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            raise HTTPException(502, f"Inpaint error: {str(e)}")
+            logger.exception("inpaint_proxy: request failed")
+            raise HTTPException(502, "Inpaint request failed")
 
     # ---- POST /api/image/harmonize — proper img2img call ----
     # Earlier version routed through inpaint with a full-white mask, but
@@ -1243,24 +1280,23 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
         if not image_b64:
             raise HTTPException(400, "No image provided")
 
-        endpoint = (body.get("_endpoint") or "").rstrip("/")
+        requested_base = (body.get("_endpoint") or "").rstrip("/")
         # SSRF hardening: a client-supplied endpoint is fetched server-side
         # below, so validate it first (mirrors routes/embedding_routes.py).
         # Local-first means loopback/LAN is allowed by default; the cloud
         # metadata range and non-HTTP(S) schemes are always rejected.
-        if endpoint:
+        if requested_base:
             from src.url_safety import check_outbound_url
             ok, reason = check_outbound_url(
-                endpoint,
+                requested_base,
                 block_private=os.getenv("IMAGE_BLOCK_PRIVATE_IPS", "false").lower() == "true",
             )
             if not ok:
                 raise HTTPException(400, f"Rejected endpoint URL: {reason}")
         model = (body.get("_model") or "").strip()
 
-        base = endpoint
         api_key = None
-        if not base:
+        if not requested_base:
             db = SessionLocal()
             try:
                 ep = _first_visible_image_endpoint(db, user)
@@ -1271,14 +1307,16 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             finally:
                 db.close()
         else:
+            # Resolve the client-supplied base to a registered visible endpoint.
+            # Admins are not exempted — gallery proxy routes must use a DB row
+            # so the outbound URL never depends directly on request-body input.
             db = SessionLocal()
             try:
-                ep = _visible_image_endpoint_for_base(db, base, user)
+                ep = _visible_image_endpoint_for_base(db, requested_base, user)
-                if ep:
+                if not ep:
-                    base = (ep.base_url or base).rstrip("/")
-                    api_key = ep.api_key
-                elif user and not _current_user_is_admin(request, user):
                     raise HTTPException(403, "Choose a registered image endpoint")
+                base = ep.base_url.rstrip("/")
+                api_key = ep.api_key
             finally:
                 db.close()
 
@@ -1313,7 +1351,7 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
         # source. Earlier hack (alpha-blend the regen back at `strength`)
         # produced visibly broken results, so we refuse and tell the
         # user to spin up a real diffusion endpoint instead.
-        if "api.openai.com" in base:
+        if _is_openai_api_base(base):
             raise HTTPException(400,
                 "Harmonize needs a diffusion server that supports img2img "
                 "(SD WebUI / Forge / Comfy). OpenAI's API doesn't expose "
@@ -1378,14 +1416,16 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
         # 1024×1024 inference pass on slower setups.
         async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=240) as client:
             for path, kind, payload in candidates:
-                target = base_root + path if path.startswith("/sdapi") else base + path
+                _effective_base = base_root if path.startswith("/sdapi") else base
+                target = _join_checked_gallery_endpoint(_effective_base, path)
                 try:
                     r = await client.post(target, json=payload, headers=headers)
                     if r.status_code == 404:
                         last_err = f"{path}: 404"
                         continue  # try next variant
                     if r.status_code != 200:
-                        last_err = f"{path}: {r.status_code} {r.text[:120]}"
+                        logger.warning("harmonize: %s returned %s", path, r.status_code)
+                        last_err = f"{path}: {r.status_code}"
                         continue
                     data = r.json()
                     # Normalise return shape.
@@ -1394,8 +1434,8 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                         # surface it now instead of trying the other routes
                         # (otherwise the real error gets buried under 404s).
                         if data.get("error") and not data.get("image"):
-                            raise HTTPException(502,
+                            logger.warning("harmonize: server error at %s: %s", path, data.get("error"))
-                                f"Diffusion server error at {path}: {data['error']}")
+                            raise HTTPException(502, f"Diffusion server error at {path}")
                         if data.get("image"):
                             return {"image": data["image"]}
                         if data.get("images") and isinstance(data["images"], list):
@@ -1415,15 +1455,15 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
                                 if img_b64:
                                     return {"image": img_b64}
                     last_err = f"{path}: server returned no image"
-                except httpx.ConnectError as e:
+                except httpx.ConnectError:
-                    raise HTTPException(502, f"Can't reach diffusion server at {base}: {e}")
+                    logger.warning("harmonize: can't reach diffusion server at %s", base)
+                    raise HTTPException(502, "Can't reach diffusion server")
                 except httpx.TimeoutException:
                     raise HTTPException(504, "Harmonize timed out (240s) — restart the diffusion server or lower Color match / disable Seam fix")
         raise HTTPException(502,
-            f"None of the img2img routes worked on {base}. "
+            "No supported img2img route responded. "
-            f"Last response: {last_err or 'unknown'}. "
+            "Your diffusion server needs to expose one of: "
-            "Your diffusion server needs to expose one of /v1/images/harmonize, "
+            "/v1/images/harmonize, /v1/images/img2img, /v1/images/variations, /sdapi/v1/img2img.")
-            "/v1/images/img2img, /v1/images/variations, or /sdapi/v1/img2img.")
 
     # ---- POST /api/image/sharpen ----
     @router.post("/api/image/sharpen")
@@ -1467,8 +1507,8 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             import base64, io
             from PIL import Image
             import numpy as np
-        except ImportError as e:
+        except ImportError:
-            raise HTTPException(500, f"Server missing dependency: {e}")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Server missing a required dependency")
         # Decode source image (RGB; Real-ESRGAN doesn't preserve alpha).
         img_bytes = base64.b64decode(image_b64)
         src = Image.open(io.BytesIO(img_bytes)).convert("RGB")
@@ -1495,9 +1535,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             buf = io.BytesIO()
             out_img.save(buf, format="PNG")
             return {"image": base64.b64encode(buf.getvalue()).decode()}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.warning(f"Denoise failed: {e}")
+            logger.warning("Denoise failed", exc_info=True)
-            return {"error": f"Denoise failed: {e}"}
+            return {"error": "Denoise failed"}
 
     # ---- POST /api/image/upscale-local ----
     # Local Real-ESRGAN upscale (2× or 4×). Self-contained — no diffusion
@@ -1518,8 +1558,8 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             import base64, io
             from PIL import Image
             import numpy as np
-        except ImportError as e:
+        except ImportError:
-            raise HTTPException(500, f"Server missing dependency: {e}")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Server missing a required dependency")
         img_bytes = base64.b64decode(image_b64)
         src = Image.open(io.BytesIO(img_bytes)).convert("RGB")
         try:
@@ -1543,9 +1583,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             buf = io.BytesIO()
             out_img.save(buf, format="PNG")
             return {"image": base64.b64encode(buf.getvalue()).decode()}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.warning(f"Upscale failed: {e}")
+            logger.warning("AI upscale failed", exc_info=True)
-            return {"error": f"Upscale failed: {e}"}
+            return {"error": "AI upscale failed"}
 
     # ---- POST /api/image/remove-bg ----
     @router.post("/api/image/remove-bg")
@@ -1703,8 +1743,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             buf = io.BytesIO()
             enhanced.save(buf, format="PNG")
             return {"image": base64.b64encode(buf.getvalue()).decode(), "method": "pil"}
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            raise HTTPException(500, f"Face enhancement failed: {str(e)}")
+            logger.exception("enhance_face: failed")
+            raise HTTPException(500, "Face enhancement failed")
 
     # ---- Album management (path-param routes) ----
 
@@ -1899,9 +1940,8 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=60) as client:
                 resp = await client.post(chat_url, json=payload, headers=h)
                 if resp.status_code != 200:
-                    body = resp.text[:500]
+                    logger.error("ai_tag vision model: status %s: %s", resp.status_code, resp.text[:500])
-                    logger.error(f"Vision model {resp.status_code}: {body}")
+                    return {"error": "Vision model request failed"}
-                    return {"error": f"Vision model returned {resp.status_code}: {body[:200]}"}
                 data = resp.json()
                 # Anthropic returns content[0].text, OpenAI returns choices[0].message.content
                 if provider == "anthropic":
@@ -1917,9 +1957,9 @@ def setup_gallery_routes() -> APIRouter:
             return {"ok": True, "ai_tags": tag_str}
         except HTTPException:
             raise
-        except Exception as e:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.error(f"AI tagging failed: {e}")
+            logger.exception("AI tagging failed")
-            return {"error": str(e)}
+            return {"error": "Auto-tagging failed"}
         finally:
             db.close()
 

tests/test_gallery_endpoint_hardening.py

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+"""Focused security tests for gallery endpoint URL hardening.
+
+Covers:
+- _is_openai_api_base: exact hostname matching (no substring bypass)
+- _join_checked_gallery_endpoint: allowlist-only path construction
+- No bare str(e) / f"...{e}" in gallery exception handlers
+- harmonize validates _endpoint via check_outbound_url
+- Target URL construction only appends constant paths to the validated base
+"""
+import ast
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
+
+SRC = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent / "routes" / "gallery" / "gallery_routes.py"
+
+import routes.gallery_routes as gallery_routes
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _is_openai_api_base — exact hostname, no substring tricks
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_is_openai_api_base_accepts_exact_host():
+    f = gallery_routes._is_openai_api_base
+    assert f("https://api.openai.com") is True
+    assert f("https://api.openai.com/v1") is True
+    assert f("https://api.openai.com/") is True
+    assert f("api.openai.com") is True
+
+
+def test_is_openai_api_base_rejects_path_embed():
+    # attacker hides api.openai.com in the path, not the hostname
+    f = gallery_routes._is_openai_api_base
+    assert f("https://evil.test/api.openai.com/v1") is False
+
+
+def test_is_openai_api_base_rejects_subdomain_suffix():
+    # hostname ends with .openai.com but isn't exactly api.openai.com
+    f = gallery_routes._is_openai_api_base
+    assert f("https://api.openai.com.evil.test/v1") is False
+    assert f("https://evil-api.openai.com/v1") is False
+    assert f("https://notapi.openai.com/v1") is False
+
+
+def test_is_openai_api_base_rejects_malformed():
+    f = gallery_routes._is_openai_api_base
+    assert f("") is False
+    assert f("not a url at all !!!") is False
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Source-level: gallery no longer uses substring "api.openai.com" in base
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_gallery_does_not_use_openai_substring_check():
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    assert '"api.openai.com" in base' not in src, (
+        "Substring OpenAI check still present — use _is_openai_api_base instead"
+    )
+    assert "'api.openai.com' in base" not in src, (
+        "Substring OpenAI check still present — use _is_openai_api_base instead"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _join_checked_gallery_endpoint — allowlist enforcement
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_join_checked_accepts_known_paths():
+    j = gallery_routes._join_checked_gallery_endpoint
+    assert j("http://localhost:7860/v1", "/images/img2img") == "http://localhost:7860/v1/images/img2img"
+    assert j("http://localhost:7860", "/sdapi/v1/img2img") == "http://localhost:7860/sdapi/v1/img2img"
+    assert j("https://api.openai.com/v1", "/images/edits") == "https://api.openai.com/v1/images/edits"
+
+
+def test_join_checked_rejects_unknown_path():
+    import pytest
+    j = gallery_routes._join_checked_gallery_endpoint
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        j("http://localhost/v1", "/arbitrary/user/path")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        j("http://localhost/v1", "")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        j("http://localhost/v1", "https://evil.test/steal")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Source-level: no raw str(e) / f"...{e}" returned to API clients
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_no_raw_exception_string_in_client_responses():
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    # Patterns that indicate exception internals flowing into client-visible values.
+    # We allow them only in logger calls (checked separately below).
+    bad_patterns = [
+        r'return \{"error": str\(e\)\}',
+        r'return \{"error": f"[^"]*\{e\}[^"]*"\}',
+        r'HTTPException\(\d+, str\(e\)\)',
+        r'HTTPException\(\d+, f"[^"]*\{e\}[^"]*"\)',
+    ]
+    for pattern in bad_patterns:
+        matches = re.findall(pattern, src)
+        assert not matches, (
+            f"Pattern {pattern!r} matched — raw exception string returned to client: {matches}"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# harmonize: validates _endpoint via check_outbound_url before outbound request
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _function_source(src_text: str, func_name: str) -> str:
+    tree = ast.parse(src_text)
+    for node in ast.walk(tree):
+        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.AsyncFunctionDef)) and node.name == func_name:
+            return ast.get_source_segment(src_text, node) or ""
+    raise AssertionError(f"{func_name} not found in {SRC}")
+
+
+def test_harmonize_validates_endpoint_before_fetch():
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "harmonize_image")
+    assert "check_outbound_url" in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must validate _endpoint via check_outbound_url before outbound requests"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# harmonize: target URL only appends constant allowed paths
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_harmonize_uses_join_checked_for_target_construction():
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "harmonize_image")
+    assert "_join_checked_gallery_endpoint" in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must use _join_checked_gallery_endpoint to build target URLs"
+    )
+    # Raw concatenation patterns that bypass the allowlist must not appear in harmonize
+    assert "base_root + path" not in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must not concatenate base_root + path directly"
+    )
+    assert "base + path" not in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must not concatenate base + path directly"
+    )
+
+
+def test_gallery_endpoint_paths_allowlist_covers_all_harmonize_candidates():
+    # Every path in the candidates list must be in the pre-approved allowlist.
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "harmonize_image")
+    # Extract string literals that look like route paths from candidates
+    candidate_paths = re.findall(r'"/(?:images|sdapi)/[^"]*"', body)
+    allowed = gallery_routes._GALLERY_ENDPOINT_PATHS
+    for p in candidate_paths:
+        p = p.strip('"')
+        assert p in allowed, (
+            f"Path {p!r} used in harmonize candidates but not in _GALLERY_ENDPOINT_PATHS allowlist"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# _is_openai_api_base — userinfo bypass
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_is_openai_api_base_rejects_userinfo_bypass():
+    # userinfo trick: user = api.openai.com, host = evil.test
+    f = gallery_routes._is_openai_api_base
+    assert f("https://api.openai.com@evil.test/v1") is False
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Source-level: no client-visible error leaks upstream body fragments
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def _extract_httpexception_call(src: str, pos: int) -> str:
+    """Paren-match from the opening '(' of an HTTPException call."""
+    start = src.index("(", pos)
+    depth = 0
+    for k, ch in enumerate(src[start:]):
+        if ch == "(":
+            depth += 1
+        elif ch == ")":
+            depth -= 1
+            if depth == 0:
+                return src[start : start + k + 1]
+    return src[start:]
+
+
+def test_no_upstream_data_in_client_responses():
+    """No raise HTTPException or return {"error": ...} may expose upstream body data."""
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    forbidden = [
+        "r.text",
+        "body[:",
+        'data["error"]',
+        "data['error']",
+        "last_err",
+        "{base}",
+    ]
+
+    for m in re.finditer(r"\braise\s+HTTPException\s*\(", src):
+        line_start = src.rfind("\n", 0, m.start()) + 1
+        if "logger." in src[line_start : m.start()]:
+            continue
+        call_text = _extract_httpexception_call(src, m.start())
+        for frag in forbidden:
+            assert frag not in call_text, (
+                f"HTTPException raise at byte {m.start()} exposes {frag!r} to client:\n{call_text[:300]}"
+            )
+
+    for m in re.finditer(r'return\s*\{"error":', src):
+        line_end = src.find("\n", m.start())
+        line = src[m.start() : line_end if line_end != -1 else len(src)]
+        for frag in forbidden:
+            assert frag not in line, (
+                f"Error return at byte {m.start()} exposes {frag!r} to client:\n{line}"
+            )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# inpaint_proxy: endpoint construction via _join_checked_gallery_endpoint
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_inpaint_uses_join_checked_endpoint():
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "inpaint_proxy")
+    assert 'f"{base}/images/edits"' not in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must not build /images/edits via raw f-string"
+    )
+    assert 'f"{base}/images/inpaint"' not in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must not build /images/inpaint via raw f-string"
+    )
+    assert '_join_checked_gallery_endpoint(base, "/images/edits")' in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must use _join_checked_gallery_endpoint for /images/edits"
+    )
+    assert '_join_checked_gallery_endpoint(base, "/images/inpaint")' in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must use _join_checked_gallery_endpoint for /images/inpaint"
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# harmonize final 502: no base URL or last_err in client message
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_harmonize_final_502_omits_base_and_last_err():
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "harmonize_image")
+    # Collect all HTTPException raises in harmonize and check the last one (final 502)
+    raises = list(re.finditer(r"\braise\s+HTTPException\s*\(", body))
+    assert raises, "harmonize_image must contain at least one raise HTTPException"
+    last_call = _extract_httpexception_call(body, raises[-1].start())
+    for forbidden in ("last_err", "{base}", "r.text"):
+        assert forbidden not in last_call, (
+            f"harmonize final raise exposes {forbidden!r} to client:\n{last_call}"
+        )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# inpaint/harmonize: _endpoint must resolve via DB; no raw admin bypass
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def test_inpaint_endpoint_resolved_via_db_not_raw_input():
+    """inpaint_proxy must not use the raw request-body value as the outbound base.
+    The user-supplied value is stored as requested_base; outbound base comes from DB."""
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "inpaint_proxy")
+    # requested_base holds the user input; base is only set from ep.base_url
+    assert "requested_base" in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must use 'requested_base' for the user-supplied value"
+    )
+    # The admin bypass (not _current_user_is_admin) must not appear in inpaint
+    assert "_current_user_is_admin" not in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must not have an admin bypass for raw endpoint resolution"
+    )
+    # If no matching endpoint is found, a 403 must be raised unconditionally
+    assert 'raise HTTPException(403, "Choose a registered image endpoint")' in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must raise 403 when _endpoint doesn't match a registered endpoint"
+    )
+
+
+def test_inpaint_outbound_base_not_from_request_body():
+    """Confirm _join_checked_gallery_endpoint is never called with the raw
+    request-body variable (requested_base) — only with the DB-derived base."""
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "inpaint_proxy")
+    assert "_join_checked_gallery_endpoint(requested_base," not in body, (
+        "inpaint_proxy must not pass requested_base to _join_checked_gallery_endpoint"
+    )
+
+
+def test_harmonize_endpoint_resolved_via_db_not_raw_input():
+    """harmonize_image must not use the raw request-body value as the outbound base."""
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "harmonize_image")
+    assert "requested_base" in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must use 'requested_base' for the user-supplied value"
+    )
+    assert "_current_user_is_admin" not in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must not have an admin bypass for raw endpoint resolution"
+    )
+    assert 'raise HTTPException(403, "Choose a registered image endpoint")' in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must raise 403 when _endpoint doesn't match a registered endpoint"
+    )
+
+
+def test_harmonize_outbound_base_not_from_request_body():
+    """Confirm _join_checked_gallery_endpoint is never called with requested_base."""
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    body = _function_source(src, "harmonize_image")
+    assert "_join_checked_gallery_endpoint(requested_base," not in body, (
+        "harmonize_image must not pass requested_base to _join_checked_gallery_endpoint"
+    )
+
+
+def test_inpaint_and_harmonize_no_base_equals_endpoint():
+    """Neither function should assign `base = endpoint` or `base = requested_base`
+    — the outbound base must come exclusively from DB (ep.base_url)."""
+    src = SRC.read_text()
+    for func_name in ("inpaint_proxy", "harmonize_image"):
+        body = _function_source(src, func_name)
+        assert "base = endpoint" not in body, (
+            f"{func_name}: 'base = endpoint' carries request-body input into outbound request"
+        )
+        assert "base = requested_base" not in body, (
+            f"{func_name}: 'base = requested_base' carries request-body input into outbound request"
+        )